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  <h2>python/MySQL入门/4-Linux安装MySQL</h2>



  <p class="post-date">2020-10-22</p>
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    <section class="markdown-content"><h1 id="一-环境准备"><a href="#一-环境准备" class="headerlink" title="一  环境准备"></a>一  环境准备</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 环境准备</span></span><br><span class="line">一台centos <span class="number">7.6</span>虚拟机，能上网，</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2 清理一下环境 </span></span><br><span class="line">rpm -qa |grep mariadb  </span><br><span class="line">yum remove mariadb-libs</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3 创建用户和组</span></span><br><span class="line">useradd mysql</span><br><span class="line">useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin <span class="comment"># 不能登录，没有家目录</span></span><br><span class="line">id mysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 4 创建相关目录（软件目录，数据目录）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 软件目录</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p /app/database/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 数据目录</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p /data/<span class="number">3306</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 日志目录</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p /binlog/<span class="number">3306</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># mkdir -p /app/database/ /data/3306/ /binlog/3306</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生产建议：软件和数据和日志不要放在同一个地方，一般数据放在另一块磁盘上</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 5 设置权限</span></span><br><span class="line">chown -R mysql.mysql /app/ /data/ /binlog</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="二-下载解压环境配置"><a href="#二-下载解压环境配置" class="headerlink" title="二 下载解压环境配置"></a>二 下载解压环境配置</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 上传并解压软件到 /app/databases/</span></span><br><span class="line">wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/<span class="number">23</span>/file/mysql<span class="number">-5.7</span><span class="number">.30</span>-linux-glibc2<span class="number">.12</span>-x86_64.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">tar xzf mysql<span class="number">-5.7</span><span class="number">.30</span>-linux-glibc2<span class="number">.12</span>-x86_64.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2 建立软连接</span></span><br><span class="line">ln -s mysql<span class="number">-5.7</span><span class="number">.30</span>-linux-glibc2<span class="number">.12</span>-x86_64 mysql</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3 设置环境变量</span></span><br><span class="line">-bin <span class="comment"># mysql执行的命令</span></span><br><span class="line">-support-files <span class="comment"># 存放脚本</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 把bin目录设置到环境变量中</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/profile</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#添加一行</span></span><br><span class="line">export PATH=/app/database/mysql/bin:$PATH</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 生效配置</span></span><br><span class="line">source /etc/profile</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 验证</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="三-初始化系统库表"><a href="#三-初始化系统库表" class="headerlink" title="三 初始化系统库表"></a>三 初始化系统库表</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 初始化系统库表（系统数据，数据库要启动，必须依赖一些表，系统表）</span></span><br><span class="line">mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/app/database/mysql --datadir=/data/<span class="number">3306</span>/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#会报错：</span></span><br><span class="line">mysqld: error <span class="keyword">while</span> loading shared libraries: libaio.so<span class="number">.1</span>: cannot open shared object file: No such file <span class="keyword">or</span> directory</span><br><span class="line">报错原因: Linux系统中缺少libaio-devel 软件包</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#解决:</span></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y libaio-devel</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 如果再执行一下上面的初始化命令，会报data目录不为空，需要删除数据目录再执行</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#########补充：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 初始化数据自带密码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 5.7开始,MySQL加入了全新的 密码的安全机制:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1.</span>初始化完成后,会生成临时密码(显示到屏幕上,并且会往日志中记一份)</span><br><span class="line">2.密码复杂度:长度:超过12位? 复杂度:字符混乱组合</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3.</span>密码过期时间<span class="number">180</span>天</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 初始化数据，初始化管理员的临时密码</span></span><br><span class="line">mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --basedir=/app/database/mysql --datadir=/data/<span class="number">3306</span>/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 会打印出密码，记住，然后需要修改root密码后才能正常使用数据库</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># S44GNgK!h.qg</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#2 5.6初始化的区别</span></span><br><span class="line">./mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql --basedir=/app/database/mysql --datadir=/data/<span class="number">3306</span>/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="四-编写配置文件"><a href="#四-编写配置文件" class="headerlink" title="四 编写配置文件"></a>四 编写配置文件</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 编写默认配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/my.cnf</span><br><span class="line">[mysqld]</span><br><span class="line">user=mysql</span><br><span class="line">basedir=/app/database/mysql</span><br><span class="line">datadir=/data/<span class="number">3306</span>/</span><br><span class="line">server_id=<span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line">port=<span class="number">3306</span></span><br><span class="line">socket=/tmp/mysql.sock</span><br><span class="line">[mysql]</span><br><span class="line">socket=/tmp/mysql.sock</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="五-配置启动脚本"><a href="#五-配置启动脚本" class="headerlink" title="五 配置启动脚本"></a>五 配置启动脚本</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 配置启动脚本</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /app/database/mysql/support-files</span><br><span class="line">./mysql.server start</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># copymysql的启动脚本至系统管理目录中</span></span><br><span class="line">cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># centos6中，使用service 启动</span></span><br><span class="line">service mysqld start</span><br><span class="line">service mysqld stop</span><br><span class="line">service mysqld restart</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># centos7中：使用systemctl启动</span></span><br><span class="line">chkconfig --add mysqld <span class="comment"># 把mysqld的脚本添加到systemctl的管理中</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl start mysqld</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">###至此，启动方式可以是</span></span><br><span class="line">service mysqld start</span><br><span class="line">systemctl start mysqld</span><br><span class="line">/etc/init.d/mysqld start</span><br><span class="line">/app/database/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="六-修改默认密码"><a href="#六-修改默认密码" class="headerlink" title="六 修改默认密码"></a>六 修改默认密码</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 在登陆前修改密码（使用mysqld --initialize 初始化的数据）</span></span><br><span class="line">mysqladmin -uroot -p password lqz1234.</span><br><span class="line">输入原始密码</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="七-修改root密码"><a href="#七-修改root密码" class="headerlink" title="七 修改root密码"></a>七 修改root密码</h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">'''</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">#### mysqld启动时，跳过授权表，跳过tcp/ip连接</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">--skip-grant-tables  跳过授权表</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">--skip-networking   跳过tcp/ip连接，不让远程用户登录，否则远程用户不用密码可以直接登录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">####  service mysqld start --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">'''</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 1 跳过授权表启动</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@db01 ~]mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &amp;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 2 登陆数据库</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 3 手工把授权表加载到内存</span></span><br><span class="line">mysql&gt; flush privileges;</span><br><span class="line">mysql&gt;  alter user root@<span class="string">'localhost'</span> identified by <span class="string">'123456'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 4 关闭数据库服务，重启即可</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@db01 ~]<span class="comment"># pkill mysqld</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@db01 ~]<span class="comment"># systemctl start  mysqld</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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      <ol class="toc-nav"><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#一-环境准备"><span class="toc-nav-text">一  环境准备</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#二-下载解压环境配置"><span class="toc-nav-text">二 下载解压环境配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#三-初始化系统库表"><span class="toc-nav-text">三 初始化系统库表</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#四-编写配置文件"><span class="toc-nav-text">四 编写配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#五-配置启动脚本"><span class="toc-nav-text">五 配置启动脚本</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#六-修改默认密码"><span class="toc-nav-text">六 修改默认密码</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#七-修改root密码"><span class="toc-nav-text">七 修改root密码</span></a></li></ol>
    
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